Dark Money Definition

Anyone whos paid attention to all those mysteriously funded political ads on television during the 2012 presidential election is probably familiar with the term dark money. Dark money is a term used to describe political spending by innocuously named groups whose own donors - the source of the money - are allowed to remain hidden because of loopholes in disclosure laws. How Dark Money Spending Works So why does dark money exist? If there are Federal Election Commission rules requiring campaigns to report their sources of funding, how can it be that some of the money spent on trying to influence elections is coming from unnamed sources? Most of the dark money making its way into politics comes not from campaigns themselves but outside groups including nonprofit 501[c] groups or social welfare organizations that are spending tens of millions of dollars. Those groups are required to report how much they spend trying to influence elections. But under the Internal Revenue Service code, 501[c] and social welfare organizations are not required to tell the government or public from whom they get their money. That means they can spend money on electioneering or make contributions to super PACs without naming names of individual donors. What Dark Money Pays For Dark money spending is very similar to spending by super PACs. 501[c] and social welfare organizations can spend unlimited amounts of money trying to sway voters on specific issues and thereby influence the outcome of elections. History of Dark Money The explosion of dark money followed the U.S. Supreme Courts landmark 2010 ruling in the case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission. The court ruled that the federal government cannot limit corporations - including those 501[c] and social welfare organizations - from spending money to influence the outcome of elections. The ruling led to the creation of super PACs. Dark Money Examples Groups that spend money on trying to influence elections without having to disclose their own donors appear on both sides of the political spectrum - from the conservative, anti-tax Club for Growth and U.S. Chamber of Commerce to the left-leaning abortion-rights activist groups Planned Parenthood Action Fund Inc. and NARAL Pro-Choice America. Dark Money Controversies One of the biggest controversies over dark money involved the 501[c] group Crossroads GPS. The group has strong ties to former George W. Bush adviser Karl Rove. Crossroads GPS is a separate entity from American Crossroads, a conservative super PAC funded by Rove that was sharply critical of President Barack Obama in the 2012 election. During the campaign, the groups Democracy 21 and the Campaign Legal Center asked the Internal Revenue Service to investigate Crossroads GPS after the 501[c] group received an anonymous $10 million contribution. J. Gerald Hebert, executive director of the Campaign Legal Center, wrote: The new $10 million secret contribution to Crossroads GPS to run attack ads against President Obama as he runs for re-election is a stark illustration of the problem caused by groups engaged in campaign spending claiming eligibility as social welfare organizations under section 501(c)(4). It is apparent that these groups are claiming section 501(c)(4) tax status in order to keep secret from the American people the donors financing their campaign-related expenditures. If these organizations are not eligible for tax status under section 501(c)(4), then they are improperly using the tax laws to shield their donors from public disclosure and improperly using secret contributions to influence the 2012 national elections. Crossroads GPS reportedly spent more than $70 million from anonymous donors on the 2012 election even though it had previously told the IRS political spending would be limited in amount, and will not constitute the organizations primary purpose. Dark Money and Super PACs Many advocates for transparency believe spending by 501[c] and social welfare organizations is much more problematic than that by super PACs. We are seeing some 501c4s becoming pure election vehicles, wrote Rick Hasen on the Election Law Blog. ...The key is to stop 501c4s from becoming shadow super PACs. Yes, campaign finance reform community, it has become this bad: I want more super PACs, because the 501c4 alternative is worse!

The Production Possibilities Frontier - 1083 Words

1. A reduction in trade barriers has two effects on the economy. The production possibilities frontier will move outward, and the economy will move closer to the production possibilities frontier. Both outcomes are related. Freer trade creates more markets for the country for its goods and services. This allows companies to produce more, but it does not directly change the production capacity of the nation. Thus, the economy moves closer to the production possibilities frontier (Rittenberg Tregarthen, 2009). The reason that the production possibilities frontier also moves owes to the theory of comparative advantage. Freer trade allows the country to focus production on those goods and services in which it has comparative advantage. Thus, the economys production becomes more efficient. Given that the factor resources (people, capital) have not changed, an increase in efficiency will push the production possibilities frontier outward. This is because the total capacity is going to be higher. Note that there is a difference between producing the same things more efficiently, and producing goods that are more efficient. The total capacity of the economy is changed when the mix of product and services is changed, marking a shift in the curve to go along with moving production closer to the curve. In addition, trade encourages technological transfer. Firms in each country learn from one another, and the transfer of knowledge and technology is one way that this occurs.Show MoreRelatedProduction Possibility Frontier ( Ppf ) Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages1. Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) is a graph that shows the potential combinations of goods that an economy is able to produce given available technology and factors of production. ïÆ'Ëœ Its slope is negative, shape is concave or bowed, points inside are inefficient, a point on the PPF are efficient and attainable, point above are unattainable and also require economic growth. ïÆ'Ëœ Economic growth is achieved by increasing the economics’ growth, ability to produce. 2. Opportunity cost is theRead MoreSynopsis Of A Production Possibility Frontier Essay2644 Words   |  11 PagesSubmission Date: 02-08-2014 ANSWERS 1) A- A production possibility frontier (PPF) is a curve or a state line which shows the Combinations Of two or more goods and services that can be produced at the one time by Using all of Resources efficiently of the available factor (Geoff Riley,2012). Graphically bounding the production set for fixed input quantities, the PPF curve shows the Maximum possible production level of one commodity for any given production level of the Other, given the existing stateRead MoreMicroeconomy Homework1744 Words   |  7 Pagesboth countries D) good Y is the same for both countries Production Possibilities Frontier Questions 16 to 18 refer to the figure below 16) Point C on the production possibilities frontier in the above figure illustrates A) a point that achieves production efficiency B) a combination of goods and services that cannot be produced efficiently C) a point that achieves greater production efficiency than point A and B D) a production point that underutilizes resources 17) In the above figureRead MoreOpportunity Cost750 Words   |  3 Pagesconsidered opportunity costs. Now lets look at Opportunity Cost from the point of production. Opportunity costs may be assessed in the decision-making process of production. If the workers on a farm can produce either one million pounds of wheat or two million pounds of barley, then the opportunity cost of producing one pound of wheat is the two pounds of barley forgone (assuming the production possibilities frontier is linear). Firms would make rational decisions by weighing the sacrifices involvedRead MoreProduction Possibilities Frontier - American And Japanese Workers Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesProduction Possibilities Frontier – American and Japanese Workers America and Japan have both been major importers and exporters of goods in the global economy for many years. In an example below, a production possibilities frontier, which is described by N. Gregory Mankiw a Professor of Economics at Harvard University and Author of Principles of Macroeconomics as â€Å"a graph that shows the combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and theRead MoreUsing The Production Possibilities Frontiers For Women And Men Provided1283 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' Name: Instructors Name: Course: Date Due: Question 1 Using the production possibilities frontiers for WOMEN and MEN provided below, explain which group has a comparative advantage over which type of Goods. Men earn and continue to earn higher incomes than women and thus have a comparative advantage over women. Women have a comparative advantage over men on Childcare and can be justified by their specialization in household chores. Not only does the scientific reasoningRead MoreQuestions On Business Economics And The Production Possibilities Frontier As A Result Of Workers Moving From Their Domestic Countries1837 Words   |  8 PagesNAME STUDENT ID MANPREET SINGH K150361 DEVINDER SINGH K140882 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report deals with issues that arise in the production possibilities frontier as a result of workers moving from their domestic countries to foreign countries for better work opportunities. Major focus of this report is on change in PPF curve due to emigration and how production is being affected due to it. The main issues discussed in the report are how change in technology or resources mediate PPF curve outwardRead MoreInternal Auditor Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesspent at university including all fees * b) the benefit gained from having a university degree c) dollar value of all alternatives d) the next best alternative of the money spent Q4 Which of the following is NOT a factor of production? a) land b) labour * c) a financial asset d) capital Q5 An economic model indicates that a rise in income will result in consumers purchasing fewer fast food meals, ceteris paribus. â€Å"Ceteris paribus† means Read MoreQuestions On Problems And Applications1473 Words   |  6 Pagesand explain a production possibilities frontier for an economy that produces milk and cookies. What happens to this frontier if disease kills half of the economy s cows? Image Since cows are not being used to make cookies, than cookies can still be produced in this economy and would not change if half the cows died. But milk production would be affected. 7. Use the production possibilities frontier to describe the idea of efficiency. The production possibilities frontier shows the efficientRead MoreAssignment 11688 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease. invest more money in health research. Table 1 You own a pizza shop called Pizzas Us. Currently you are paying your cooks an hourly wage of $20. You sell a medium pizza for $10 a pie. By hiring more cooks, you can increase your pizza production as shown in the following table. 4. a. b. c. d. 5. a. b. c. d. Refer to Table 1. If you operate one hour every day what is the marginal cost of the 3rd cook? 10$ 20$ 40$ 60$ Refer to Table 1. How many cooks should you hire to maximize your net benefit

Journal Innovative Research In Electrical -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Innovative Research In Electrical? Answer: Introduction An AC system is made up of a lot of components and based on their load consuming nature they can be classified as capacitive, resistive and inductive. In case of purely resistive load the current and voltage are in phase but most of the loads connected in any facility is inductive in nature and in case of inductive loads the current lags the voltage and is therefore out of phase whereas, in case of capacitive load the current leads the voltage (Stokes, 2008). The current which is leading or lagging the voltage is called wattles current because it supplies reactive power and this power is essential for turning motors attached to the AC system (Stokes, 2008). So this type of load cannot be avoided and if this type of load increases then the accounting power requirement increases which in-turn increases the kVA demand for the same kW load (Stokes, 2008). Most of the high tension tariff charge a separate kVA charge along with the kW charges which increases the electricity bill of the con sumer (Stokes, 2008). Thus consumers having low power factor have to pay more for the useful power they use making power factor improvement a necessity. Some of the methods applied to improve power factor in a system are as follows: Capacitive power factor improvement could be easily implemented as they are capable of supplying the reactive power required by the load by connecting the capacitor bank in parallel to the inductive load (Turchi et al., 2014). The capacitor bank acts like a source of reactive power and thus the inductive load absorbs lower reactive power from the AC system thus reducing the phase difference between the current and voltage. Power factor improvement using Synchronous Condenser is another method where a three phase overexcited synchronous motor working under no load is connected to the load side of the inductive load (Turchi et al, 2014). Synchronous condenser financial like a capacitor by either supplying reactive power or by drawing lagging current from the AC supply. Phase advancer is an AC exciter which could improve the power factor of induction motor (Turchi et al., 2014). It is connected to the rotor circuit of the induction motor and is mounted on the shaft of the induction motor (Turchi et al., 2014). The flux required a slip frequency needs exciting ampere turns and the phase advancer supplies this ampere turn and thus improves the power factor. As seen above most of the methods stated above work similar to a capacitor so as to improve the power factor and therefore capacitor banks are mostly used in power factor improvement. Another advantage of using capacitors in power factor improvement is that they are readily available in different sizes and shapes and are cheaper than other methods used to improve power factor. Therefore, capacitor banks are widely used in the application of power factor improvement. This papers briefly reviews the work carried out in improving the power factor using capacitor banks. Improvement in power factor has certain advantages as follows (Natarajan, 2005): As energy efficiency improves the power consumption reduces which results in reduced fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions form the power stations. Electricity bills are reduced. The existing supply can deliver more kVA. Losses in distribution equipment and transformers are reduced. The voltage drops in long cables are reduced. The electrical burden on electrical components are also reduced. An assembly of number of capacitors is a capacitor bank and are used to generate kVAr in-order to improve power factor (Ramzan et al, 2016). Arrangements of series/paralleled connected units are called Shunt capacitors banks. Some of the types of capacitor banks used in power factor improvement are discussed below. Grounded Wye - Connected Capacitor Banks (Natarajan, 2005): They are made out of parallel and series arrangement of capacitors in each stage, providing a low impedance path to ground. They make a low-impedance way to ground giving innate self-insurance to lightning surge streams and some security from surge voltages consequently, working without surge arresters. They offer a low impedance way for high recurrence streams thus they can be utilized as channels in frameworks. In any case, the dissemination of inrush streams and music may cause fizzling and over operation on defensive transfers and wires. Ungrounded Wye - Connected Capacitor Banks (Natarajan, 2005): They don't allow substantial capacitor release streams, third consonant ebbs and flows or zero succession ebbs and flows amid framework ground deficiencies to stream. Other favourable position is that over voltages showing up at the present transformer optional may not be as high as on account of grounded banks if the nonpartisan is protected for full line voltage. Be that as it may, it is costly for banks over 15 kV. There are two classes of associating capacitor bank. They are shunt and arrangement associating. Among these two classifications, shunt capacitors are all the more generally utilized as a part of the power arrangement of all voltage levels (Chandra and Agarwal, 2014). There are some particular points of interest of utilizing shunt capacitors, for example, Reduced line current of the framework. Improved voltage level of the heap. Reduced framework misfortunes. Improved power factor of the source current. Reduced heap of the alternator. Reduced capital speculation per megawatt of the heap. All the previously mentioned benefits originate from the way that the impact of capacitor lessens responsive current moving through the entire framework. Shunt capacitor draws practically settled measure of driving current which is superimposed on the heap current and therefore diminishes responsive segments of the heap and consequently enhances the power factor of the framework (Miller, 1976). Arrangement capacitor then again has no influence over stream of current (Miller, 1976). As these are associated in arrangement with stack, the heap current dependably went through arrangement capacitor bank. The capacitive reactance of arrangement capacitor kills the inductive reactance of the line henceforth, lessens, viable reactance of the line. Power factor correction is accomplished by supplementing a capacitive or inductive circuit with a reactance of inverse stage (Andrews et al, 1996). For a normal stage slacking power factor stack, for example, a vast enlistment engine, this would comprise of a capacitor bank as a few parallel capacitors at the power contribution to the gadget. Low power factor is not that quite a bit of issue in private homes it does however turn into an issue in industry where numerous expansive engines are utilized. So there is prerequisite of remedying the power factor in industry. Low power factor is not acknowledged according to standard since poor or low power factors influence the expenses of both the buyers and the electrical power industry. In-spite of the increased cost of working, reactive power requires the utilization of transmission lines, transformers, circuit breakers, switches and wiring of higher current limits. By utilizing a PLC based capacitor bank framework we can enhance slacking power factor consequently framework will be protected from various burden of slacking power factor by utilization of this framework the power factor control turns out to be quick and exact than different techniques and likewise the electric charges are additionally diminished (Desai et al., 2015). The info waveform of voltage and current with stage distinction are bolstered to zero intersection finders, which give square waves in advanced organization. These advanced waveforms are utilized by microcontroller to compute power factor. Microcontroller takes choice to s witch suitable capacitor bank to make up for power factor. In the wake of identifying poor power factor, automatic power factor control framework switches one capacitor at any given moment out of a gathering of eight capacitors (Tiwari and Sharma, 2014). On the off chance that expected objective to accomplish power factor is met, at that point next cycle rehashed else exchanging of capacitor proceed till pay is not under control. Before the genuine execution of the automatic framework in genuine physical world, we can confirm the evidence of idea utilizing Proteus VSM (Sarkar and Hiwase, 2015). The power factor correction an additionally be done utilizing solid state switched capacitors Measuring the power factor from the heap by utilizing LM358 zero intersection circuit and CD4070BC stage move indicator, and afterward computing the power factor have been finished by the program and LCD will be utilized for show. On the off chance that the power is not in the range, the switches are on/off modelled by the controller unit and capacitors are initiate/deactivate and enhance the power factor (Popa et al, 2013). This framework gives usage done on Arduino UNO microcontroller utilizing C language software to program the microcontroller, Arduino program to decide time slack amongst current and voltage and Proteus 7.7 to mimic the power factor as indicated by the heap. Solid state switches are electronic exchanging gadgets that can work on or off positions when a little outer voltage is connected from the microcontroller (Than, 2016). In AC circuits, solid state transfers switch on at zero load current. The circuit cannot be stopped by a sine wave crest, holding the expansive transient voltages that would cause a sudden fall of the attractive field around the inductance and is known as zero-hybrid exchanging. Many focal points show up by utilizing the solid state switches in this framework. There is thinner profile, allowing quieter operation and switching which is quicker than electromechanical transfers; the exchanging time of an ordinary optically coupled SSR is in the range of microseconds to milliseconds depending on the time required to power the LED on and off. It has no moving parts to wear and no contacts to pit or develop carbon. Yield resistance stays steady in any case measure of utilization. It is significantly less delicate to working and capacitance conditions like, mugginess, vibration, mechanical stun and outer attractive fields. Power Factor Control System with solid state switched capacitor when actualized totally, will accommodate power factor change in low voltage framework. Arduino UNO controller is exceptionally prominent at this occasion, in like manner effectively to compose the program by utilizing the abnormal state language. By the utilizing of solid state switches, it can contrast and the mechanical transfers, such a significant number of dependable and productive results show up. This is the extremely effective framework for different burdens, by utilizing the distinctive sizes of capacitors and setting off the switches which were controlled by the program. In automatic power factor correction framework, we utilize potential divider circuits rather than customary zero intersection locator which gives a steadier power factor and the cost additionally get chop down in light of the fact that we don't have to utilize ICs (Utpal et al, 2016). Microcontroller usage reduces the expenses. Because of utilization of microcontroller numerous parameters can be controlled and the utilization of additional hard products, for example, clock, RAM, ROM and information yield ports lessens. Overcorrection should be avoided as current and voltage are usually more because of which the power framework or machine winds up plainly precarious and the life of capacitor banks diminishes. A PLC is a solid state modern PC that controls framework by persistently checking the state of info gadgets and settling on choices in view of foreordained program so as to control the state of yield gadgets (Vukojevic et al, 2015). The essential monotonous strides in the operation of all PLCs, incorporate, filtering the contribution, amid which the state of the considerable number of sources of info associated with the PLC is examined (Jain et al, 2016). Using Program Scan, PLC checks and executes the program rationale in a successive way, producing the yield states. Amid the Output Scan the created yield states are refreshed in the yield status registers to invigorate or de stimulate the yields gadgets that are associated with the PLC yield module. Housekeeping incorporates inward diagnostics, correspondence with programming terminals, and so forth. Evaluations There are various routes in which a capacitor bank might be associated, with the decision being reliant on the coveted hand-off security, the framework establishing, the kVAr limit of the bank and the voltage level of the framework. At first the individual capacitor units are chosen to meet the voltage necessities of the framework, at that point the quantities of parallel units are chosen to meet the kVAr requirements of the capacitor bank (Chen et al, 2010). The number of paralleled capacitor units in each stage depends on two criterions as follows: If one capacitor unit in a stage fails then it should not create a voltage drop of more than 110 percent of the evaluated voltage. If a unit fails, then adequate fault current should flow through the individual circuit to clear the fault within 300s or less. Attention should be provided to this 300s time traverse as it is most extreme, and it should be toned down to 30s of traverse time. The highest number of parallel connected capacitor units for each arrangement bunch is represented by an alternate thought. At the point when a capacitor unit comes up short, different capacitors in a similar parallel gathering would contain some charge, which would then deplete off as a high-recurrence transient current moves through the damaged unit and its breaker. This transient current has to be withstood by the breaker holder and the fizzled capacitor unit. The over-voltage induced when a capacitor unit is separated increases the quantity of capacitor units per arrangement. Failure of extra capacitors is well on the way to happen in a similar arrangement bunch as the primary failure, as they have the most elevated voltage push. Every capacitor unit is normally secured by a breaker, remotely mounted between the capacitor bank intertwine transport and the capacitor unit (Locke, 2000). With inside melded capacitors, when a capacitor pack or component falls flat, the present, through its separate fusible connection, will be extensively higher than the ordinary current and may blow the fusible connection, in this way confining the fizzled pack or component. If a wire blows in a capacitor bank, it would expand the central recurrence voltage happens on the rest of the units in that arrangement gathering. An unbalance location conspire is utilized to screen such conditions and to make a move as required (Shwedhi and Sultan, 2000). This plan more often than excludes three levels of activity. Over-voltage should be less than 110% which should be indicated using an alarm. The postponement is normally 4s or more prominent. Over-voltage greater than 110% requires Trip capacitor bank exchanging gadget as the unbalance is increased. The deferral is typically 4s or more noteworthy. Trip for extreme bank unbalance should provide fast wire clearing time with lower postponement frequency of 0.3 to 0.5s. Unbalance insurance regularly gives the essential security to arcing flaws inside a capacitor bank and different variations from the norm that may harm capacitor units as well as breakers. Arcing issues may cause generous harm in a little division of a moment. The unbalance security ought to have least purposeful deferral so as to limit the measure of harm to the bank in case of outside arcing. As Switching of capacitors are done automatically consequently we get more precise outcome, Power factor correction strategies influences framework to steady and because of change in power factor its productivity likewise increments (Than, 2016).. Power factor correction plan can be connected to enterprises, power frameworks and in addition in house hold reason. The utilization of microcontroller decreases the expenses. By utilizing microcontroller different parameters can be controlled and the utilization of additional hard products, for example, clock, RAM, ROM and info yield ports decreases. Before automatic power factor correction circuit inclusion capacitors are associated in parallel to the heap circuit, so they are outlined, for example, to be associated in parallel to stack (Khan and Owais, 2016). Capacitance of capacitors include when associated in parallel, they are associated in parallel with the hand-off switch board. Underneath figure demonstrates the association of capa citor bank. Capacitors are associated in parallel to the heap circuit, so they are composed, for example, to be associated in parallel to stack. Capacitance of capacitors include when associated in parallel, they are associated in parallel with the transfer switch board. A PLC based power factor change plot is actualized to enhance the power factor under various working conditions. The power factor controller utilizes a query table made in light of the deliberate estimation of power factor as per the look table, the PLC switches the capacitor in each stage using hand-off worked switches (Jain et al, 2016). By introducing appropriately measured power capacitors into the circuit the Power Factor is enhanced and the esteem turns out to be closer to 0.9 to 0.95, therefore, capacitor banks utilized for power factor correction decrease misfortunes and expands the proficiency of the power framework and furthermore builds security (Chen et al, 2010). By utilizing an automatic power recurrence control framework, the productivity of the framework is profoundly expanded. Conclusions Utilization of PLC as a power factor controller has turned out to be an adaptable, proficient and savvy instrument for a modern application. This improves the power quality, cost and protection in the system. By utilizing power factor correction controller, we can accomplish: higher estimations of capacitors progressively the disfiguring administration, operation with little load or sit out of gear of the engine due the increase of misshaping administration, a major contrast between the power factor in distorting administration and power factor of essentials show a higher twisting administration, if the capacitors banks are associated with arrangement curls, the disfiguring is decreased on the off chance that it utilizes channel with bring down recurrence ( 2 KHz). The Mechanically Switched Capacitors (MSCs) are the most prudent responsive power remuneration gadgets. They are a basic and minimal effort, other than being low-speed answer for voltage control and system adjustment under substantial load conditions (Oliveira et al, 2010). Their usage has no impact on the short out power yet it underpins the voltage at the purpose of association. The MSCs establishments have other advantageous impacts on the framework, for example, change of the voltage profile, better voltage direction, diminishment of misfortunes and decrease or delay of interests in the transmission and era limit. Reasonably outlined capacitor banks when associated with acceptance engines can enhance the power factor among different changes in general execution. Any glitch of the capacitor bank can, notwithstanding, cause undesirable corruption of framework execution. Power supply mutilation regularly can be measured by Power Factor and Total Harmonic distortion (Das et al, 2009) The low power factor is exceptionally undesirable as it causes an expansion in current, bringing about extra misfortunes of dynamic power in every one of the components of power framework from power station generator down to usage gadgets. With a specific end goal to guarantee most great conditions for a supply framework from building and monetary point of view, it is essential to have power factor as near solidarity as would be prudent. Change of power factor influences the service organizations to dispose of the power misfortunes and the buyers are free from low power factor punishment charges. References Andrews, D. Bishop, M.T. and Writte, J.F. (1996). economics measurements, analysis, and power factor correction in a modern steel manufacturing facility. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications. 32(3), pp. 617-624. Chandra, A. and Agarwal, T. (2014). Capacitor Bank Designing for Power Factor Improvement. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. 4(8), pp. 235-239. Chen, Y., Yao, D., Ma, W., Pan, J., Gertmar, L., Babaee, A. and Vessel, R. (2010). Study on coordinated reactive power control strategies for power plant auxiliary system energy efficiency and reliability improvement. In: International Conference on Power System Technology. [online] Hangzhou: IEEE, pp.1-8. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5666716/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Das, S., Das, G., Purkait, P. and Chakravorti, S. (2009). Anomalies in harmonic distortion and Concordia pattern analyses in induction motors due to capacitor bank malfunctions. In: International Conference on Power Systems. [online] Kharagpur: IEEE, pp. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5442656/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Desai, S., Lalpurwala, N. Salokhe, V. and Katre, R. (2015). Power Factor Correction for 1 Phase Induction Motor Using PLC. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research. 3(2), pp. 1-4. Jain, R., Sharma, S., Sreejeth, M. and Singh, M. (2016). PLC based power factor correction of 3-phase Induction Motor. In: International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems. [online] Delhi: IEEE, pp. 1-5. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7853637/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Khan, M.B. and Owais, M. (2016). Automatic power factor correction unit. In: International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering. [online]. Quetta: IEEE, pp. 1-6. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7495239/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Locke, C. (2000). Optimal capacitor sizing for induction motors. In: Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. [online]. Halifax: IEEE, pp.1162-1166. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/849646/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Miller, F.D. (1976). Application guide for shunt capacitors on industrial distribution systems at medium voltage levels. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications. 12(5), pp. 444 459. Natarajan, R. (2005). Power System Capacitors. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis. Oliveira, A.L.P. and Pereira, A.L.M. (2010). Introduction of the Mechanically Switched Capacitors (MSCs) application on Power Transmission Systems. In: IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition. [online] Sao Paulo: IEEE, pp. 452-457. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5762921/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017] Popa, G.N., Dinis, C.M. and Paliciuc. (2013). On the use of low voltage power factor controller in deforming regime. In: International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering. [online] Galati: IEEE, pp. 1-6. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6674332/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Ramzan, N., Akbar, A., Khan, Z.J., Naseer, P. and Zaffar, N. (2016). Reactive power compensation through synchronization of networked VFDs. In: Power Systems Conference. [online] Clemson: IEEE, pp.1-7. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7462862/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Sarkar, A. and Hiwase, U. (2015). Automatic Power Factor Correction by Continuous marketing. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology. 4(10), pp. 170-176. Shwedhi, M.H. and Sultan, M.R. (2000). Power factor correction capacitors; essentials and cautions. In: IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. [online]. Seattle: IEEE, pp. 1317-1322. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/868713/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017]. Stokes, G. (2008). Handbook of Electrical Installation Practice. 4th Ed. Hoboken: Blackwell Science Ltd. Than, M.M. (2016). Implementation of Power Factor Correction Using Solid State Switched Capacitors. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 11(4), pp. 70-79. Tiwari, A.K. and Sharma, D. (2014). Automatic Power Factor Correction Using Capacitive Bank. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 4(2), pp. 393-395. Turchi, J., Dalal, D., Wang, P. and Jenck, L. (2014). Power Factor Correction (PFC) Handbook: Choosing the Right Power Factor Controller Solution. On Semiconductor, [online] Available at: https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/HBD853-D.PDF. [Accessed 16th Sept 2017]. Utpal, Rishav and Tiwari, M. (2016). Automatic Power Factor Correction Using Capacitor Banks. International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering. 4(4), pp. 9-16. Vukojevic, A., Handley, J. laval, S. and McFetridge, B. (2015). Improving power delivery through secondary voltage control. In: SoutheastCon. [online] Fort Lauderdale: IEEE, pp. 1-5. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7132938/ [Accessed 17 Sept. 2017].

The Ediacaran Fauna Essay Example For Students

The Ediacaran Fauna Essay Up until 1947, it was believed that the Cambrian Explosion marked the first true abundance of multicellular life. However, this was discovered to be untrue after Sir Douglas Mawson and R.C. Sprigg mistakenly came across numerous fossil jellyfish in the Ediacara Hills while observing what was originally believed to be sandstones belonging to the lowest strata of the Cambrian. At first, these finding were dismissed as fortuitous inorganic markings.(AAS Biographical Memoirs.) Several years later however, other discoveries of segmented worms, worm tracks, and impressions of two other assemblages that bear no resemblance to any known organism, living or extinct, prompted the South Australian Museum and the University of Adelaide to undertake a joint investigation of the region. Further studies by M. F. Glaessner, a paleontologist at Adelaide showed that the fossils were found well below the oldest Cambrian strata and that the strata actually dated from the Precambrian era. Several thousan d specimens have since been collected in the Ediacara Hills. All the fossils collected were soft-bodied animals and their tissues were strengthened by spicules-needles of calcium carbonate that functioned as their support. The Ediacaran organisms were marine animals, some crawled, some were attached to the sea floor and others would swim or just freely float. Their impressions were molded in the moving sands that washed over the mud flats and were preserved as casts in the sandstone. It is difficult to conceive how fossils of delicate soft-bodied animals could be preserved given the evidence of strong currents in the strata. However, extensive research has provided an explanation. Most of the animals settled on mud patches out of the water during calm currents. Some of these patches dried between tides and developed deep cracks. The next shifting current would then cover these cracks with a layer of sand and the lower surfaces preserved the mud in the form of perfect casts. (Glaessn er 67)The nature of these soft-bodied fossils justifies the characterization of the Precambrian as the age of the jellyfish, however the term jellyfish only refers to a number of diverse forms, which belong to the Phylum Cnideria. (Glaessner 64) Six principle forms of animals have been discovered. The first are the rounded, discoidal impressions, resembling the modern day jellyfish. The second form is the stalk-like fronds with grooved branches that also belong to the Cnideria Phylum. Next come the elongated worm-like impressions with a horseshoe shaped head followed by 40 identical segments and rounded flattened, worm-like impressions with a central groove and strong segmentation. These worm-like impressions belonged to the Annelida Phylum. The last two forms, which were oval shaped impressions with T shaped groves and circular impressions with three bent arms, resemble no known organisms and are believed to represent the Phylum Arthropoda.The most abundantly distributed fossil at the South Australian site, the Dickinsonia, was represented by over one hundred specimens. These impressions may be related to some modern day flatworms and were covered with transverse ridges. The number of ridges varies with size-while smaller forms had 20 ridges, larger ones could have as many as 550. Another notable find was the Spriggina floundersi, which was named after R.C. Sprigg and Ben Flounder; the two geologists credited to their discovery. These small annelid worms ranged between one and three inches in length and had small horseshoe shaped heads. These worms resemble the modern Tomopteridae, which have heads similar to those of the Precambrian fauna, only wider. It now appears as though these marine worms are direct descendants from the ancient forms.The Ediacaran organisms are a clear foreshadowing of one of the most dramatic events in all of lifes history-the rapid expansion of shell-bearing organisms. The earths early atmosphere was made up largely of carbon dioxide , water vapor and nitrogen. While the present atmosphere contains the preceding three elements, it also contains large quantities of oxygen. Geologists now believe that this expansion of life was a direct result of the fact that the atmosphere first accumulated abundant oxygen at this time. To contrast this, many modern descendants of the organisms present during the Precambrian such as blue-green algae do not require oxygen to survive. Oxygen is released as a waste product of photosynthesis by the blue-green algae, but would .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 , .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .postImageUrl , .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 , .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296:hover , .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296:visited , .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296:active { border:0!important; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296:active , .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296 .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32f459cfb9fe38892e0f05c9d5235296:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeare 's Othello - Jealousy examples Essay We will write a custom essay on The Ediacaran Fauna specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Human Nature Consists Of Three Basic Components. These Are To Live, To

Human nature consists of three basic components. These are to live, to propagate and to dominate. If Humanity was left without any other parameters, this natural state of existence would govern its behavior. Fortunately, there are parameters that exist. These parameters are law. The topic of this paper addresses the type of law that operates in creating potential boundaries for the behavior of states. This law is called the Law of Nations or international law. Patrick Moynihan, a senator from New York, has written a book on this subject called On the Law of Nations. His book argues that states need international law to monitor their actions and to maintain order. He also notes the frequent departures states do from international law. This essay will reflect his plea to return to the norms that international law provides; it will also discuss and identify the moral dilemmas that are present with international law and its relationship with states. The term "laisser aller" or "letting go" is used by Friedrich Nietzsche to describe this state of nature, in which man resides absently of law. His use of the term represents the struggle morality wages against nature and reason. He equates morality in any form, with "tyranny and unreason." Nietzsche proposes that man's natural existence be, in essence, nihilistic. Logically, the political entity known as the state, created by man will inherit these traits. Thus, the conclusion is that the creation and institution of international law are in direct violation to nature. However, international law exists and states "generally" submit themselves to it. . Since most of this law is derived from codified norms of states, the term submission can be used. There is a disservice committed to humanity when the law is broken, not just to those who are weaker in the global community but to the law itself. A violent raping of the law is committed when it is taken in an a la carte form. The constant shifting back and forth from international law to nature creates an incoherent system and a basis for calling the reversion to the natural state, evil. In this setting "illegal" unilateral action is immoral. Conversely, the adherence to the law is equally immoral. This conclusion is drawn from the virtue of integrity. Either have a commitment to comply with morality or completely abstain from a hypocritical form of servicing the law with words and no conformity. Consistency, is an extremely important factor of a system of law. Moynihan argues that the United State has begun to traverse a path leading away from its adherence to international law. "There is clear evidence that the United States is moving away from its long established concern for and advocacy of international legal norms of state behavior." The implication of the United States' departure is extremely troubling. The decline of universalism in world politics can be seen through the example of the United States. Moynihan has no trouble in finding examples in recent history to support his argument. During the Bush Administration two examples are cited of unilateral action condoned by the United States, which are violations of international law. The first is the precedent allowing the Federal Bureau of Investigation apprehend fugitives of United States law anywhere around the world. This violates the principles of sovereignty and jurisdiction. The second example is the United States' raid on the home of the Nicaraguan embassador in Panama. This c learly violates the idea of extraterritorality. These actions are interpreted to be in violation to the very law that the United States constitution promises to up hold. Because of these actions and many others that are frequently taking place all around the globe, an underlying disregard for law in the international community exists. One could conclude that there is no real international law but international suggestion. The moral dilemma does not exist in an isolated location, such as the United States. This is a wide spread enigma that confronts political thinkers of today. The existence of an operational universal system in a predominated arena of nationalism is nearly impossible. The two systems have been shifting since the Treaty of Westphalia, according to Hans Morganthau. He argues that nations are now "the standard-bearers of ethical systems, each

Minimum of Two - Development of Major Concerns essays

Minimum of Two - Development of Major Concerns essays Relationships, crisis, fear of change and letting go of the past, ultimate survival and the never-ending Web of Life are all major concerns of Tim Winton. They play a major role in his collection A Minimum of Two and are the base on which the characters and their lives stand. Each soul within the stories faces a crisis and change, along with the consternation of letting go of what was before change took place. Family and friendship give support to lean upon, or sometimes, an endless black hole to fall down. The Web of Life ties closely with the will to survive and both figure prominently in the collection. Winton explores and develops his concerns using a range of writing and language techniques that aid his stories to touch the reader on a deeper, more emotional level. Some of these techniques are simple, such as alliteration, repetition, juxtaposition and short sharp sentences. These help to ignite strength in the words to get Wintons adamant point across to his readers. Out behind garlands of surfers and waist-deep swimmers, she scored the swells with her strokes. Alliteration used in this passage from the story Laps encourages us to see Queenie not just as an ordinary surfer or waist-deep swimmer but as a determined person who cuts through the waves with strength and power. Short sentences used in The Water was Dark causes the reader to see the urgency and desperation of the situation as the girl drowns, and the repetition of words such as machine, cut, and harder also add to this feeling. In the last paragraph, as the girl dies, Winton juxtaposes some of his words and we see the girls hopeless fight against a force that will consume her in the end. The deliberate selection and placement of each sentence, of each word, shows her plight on a devastating level. That body thrashed and whitened the water, throttling o...

Richard Kuklinski (Iceman) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Richard Kuklinski (Iceman) - Essay Example The murders he committed and the sufferings he caused in his victims create an image of unbelievable cruelty, which is hardly a sign of normality. However, Kuklinski is not a psychopath in a traditional sense of word. For many years, he was able to conceal his criminal activity behind the veils of almost perfect marriage and family life. What psychopathy is and how it differs from antisocial behaviors is a continued debate. In 1996, Doctor Robert D. Hare wrote an article, which had to expose and explain the criteria for antisocial personality and how they differed for psychopaths. It appears that all psychopaths are necessarily antisocial but not all antisocial individuals are psychotic (Hare). In this sense, Richard Kuklinski (Iceman) is believed to be one of the brightest examples of psychopathy in forensic psychiatry. Several actions Kuklinski did in his crimes lead professionals to believe he is a psychopath. First, the number of his victims is simply enormous: Kuklinski reports having killed at least one hundred of people. Second, Kuklinski recognizes that most, if not all, people he attacked were murdered before he would know them – simply stated, he would kill anyone he did not like at the first glance. Third, Kuklinski turned his asocial quest for murders into the source of considerable profits. Throughout his life, he would trust only his wife and family and profess his love for Barbara and his children (Holmes & Holmes 142). Surprisingly or not, Kuklinski confesses he did not experience any pleasure while committing his murders –throughout his life, sex was his greatest source of satisfaction and pleasure. It is difficult to imagine that a person would commit so many people without any sign of satisfaction with his action. Yet, if Kuklinski is truthful, it only reinforces the picture of his psychopathy. It should be noted that, according to the Five-Factor model of personality, Kuklinski manifests most, if not all, features characteristi c of a psychopath. His neuroticism is extremely low. He creates an impression of being free from any psychological impediments and social disorders. As a psychopathic person, Kuklinski has an ability to put people at ease (Cooke, Forth & Hare 54). Throughout his interview with the psychologist, Kuklinski does not show a single sign of nervousness. Low neuroticism is also the sign of low self-consciousness which is further supplemented with the feeling of low vulnerability to stress and risk (Cooke, Forth & Hare 54). His excessively low anxiousness is one of the best proofs to his psychopathy (Cooke, Forth & Hare 55). Kuklinski does not show any sign of deceptiveness and, unlike many psychopaths, is remarkably stable in his marital relationships (Cooke, Forth & Hare 56). Nevertheless, he demonstrates the signs of antagonistic aggression, low conscientiousness, the need for external stimulation (Cooke, Forth & Hare 56). He is not a psychopath in a traditional sense of word, since he i s able to balance his commitment to deep, prolonged family relationships with coldness and non-emotionality in human relations. It should be noted, that the roots of Kuklinski’s psychopathy date back to his childhood and the episodes of abuse which he experienced from his parents. His father was a railroad brakeman and his mother was a meat packing plant worker (Anonymous). Both parents beat Kuklinski and his brothers. In 1940, Kuklinski’s older brother died as a result of parental violence, but his parents were able to conceal the case from

Ethics and policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Ethics and policies - Essay Example The intense and dynamic nature of business pressures may not provide enough time for reflection and with the high stakes involved it may be tempting to compromise on ideals. Moreover, well-minded people often exhibit major differences in opinions about what constitutes ethical behavior and how these ethical decisions need to be made, further compounding the complex nature of the subject. A lot of evidence that we discuss in this paper shows that the advantages gained in taking an ethical stance are well worth the efforts taken in this often tricky path. This paper identifies the inherent long term benefits of actively managing the business ethics process in organizations and explores the value in ethical leadership especially in the air travel industry using relevant examples. The ethical issues that have afflicted companies like Enron, WorldCom and Tyco have brought the impact of ethics violations to the popular attention in the United States. Parmalat, Adecco, Ahoid and Skandia have grabbed the media focus in Europe. In all these scandals involving breach of corporate ethics, revelations have been followed by investigations, accusations, claims and counter claims. Legal wrangling involving formal investigations, testimony, evidence trials, verdicts and punishments have gained relentless media coverage. The resulting damage done to the reputation of these businesses is enormous. As a result, the employee morale becomes very low in this worrisome, suspicious and discouraging environment. May International, a management consultation firm, recently conducted a survey of businesses in US and in Italy to determine how business owners viewed corporate ethics. Concern for business and personal reputation was the reason most often (54% of respondents) stated by Italian business owners for concern about ethics. The most common reason (43%) noted by U.S. business owners for their ethics concern was the basic belief that

Civil Disobedience to Black Power Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience to Black Power Essay Up until the 1960’s the civil rights movement was practiced through peaceful protests established from the idea that equal recognition amongst all peoples was only acquired through non-violent acts. In the late 60’s these techniques transformed into fast and more efficient methods with different value sets. The changes within the Civil Rights movement occurred because African Americans were sick of the painfully slow progress accomplished through the civil rights movement, didn’t agree with the idea that being mistreated, disrespected, and stomped over (figuratively and literally) was the only resolution to overcome racism and segregation, and decided that violence and bloodshed (stemming from the theory that asking for deserved rights was to slow a process, when they could just take them) was aggressive enough to catch the eyes of many and gain Black Dominance or at least equal rights. Even with the Civil Rights Act in place, African American’s were tired of being neglected and disregarded. Peaceful protesting was only doing so much, the alternative of Black Power had begun to flourish in the late 60’s because it demanded respect through violent, attention-grabbing approaches that were created to actually change segregation and equality. The 1950’s and early 60’s were eras driven by the consumer culture, the US was extremely wealthy, the automobile industry was booming, suburban lifestyle had grown, television became extremely popular, and the general view of America was good (to say the least). The only ‘bad’ aspect of the US was inequality and the unrecognized rights (Blacks deserved). The US originally opted for saving justice and peace amongst Black communities in civil and non-violent ways, but there was limited execution. In 1954, for example, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education. This landmark case began a series of significant Civil Rights movements with regards to desegregation and equal rights. The early 60’s brought upon new perspectives and the idea of peaceful resolution was one of them. Due to the fact that American culture was thriving in material goods and prosperity African Americans figured the best way to go about change was to do it in calm, civil, non-brutal manners. Organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) began to emerge. Doc A, B, and C convey the goals pertaining to African Americans (in the early 0’s) and their hope for equal rights, legal citizenship, voting rights, and equal economic/labor opportunities. Doc A showcases the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee’s perspective that love transforms hate and nonviolence is the best way to bring about integration. The early 60’s held so much potential and optimism. African American’s were seeking equal privileges so contently because they experienced Americans’ positive response to America’s success and didn’t want to harm the culture or destroy the peace. One attempt for Civil Rights included a peaceful protest in Birmingham, Alabama. The response of the police was outrageous. As seen in Doc B, the photograph (from 1963) shows racist and corrupt police attacking African Americans after a peaceful protest (to allow Blacks into church). Rather than defend himself, the black man depicted in the photo is responding with no resentment or anger. Many African Americans were beaten and sent to jail; including Martin Luther King, Jr. Doc C (1963) is a letter written by MLK from the Birmingham Jail promoting peace and arguing that â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. † MLK desired peace rather than violence because of his educational background and upbringing-his father was the minister of the Ebenezer Baptist Church and he passed on his understanding, tolerance, and religious views (inspired by peace) to his son. MLK could be peaceful, even after going to jail for no reason. After the Birmingham incident, John F. Kennedy announced his promise to end racial discrimination on radio and television. The speech served as motivation to civil right leaders, a wake-up call to Congress, and the inspiration for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 (unfortunately JFK never lived to see these passed). Although these rights were legally authorized, African Americans were not fully protected. Just because they were laws in place, didn’t mean they were implemented with major concern or emphasis. Race riots, racial profiling, and illegal discrimination were still occurring. African Americans realized that in order to truly get what they wanted, they needed prompt uncivil protests. Stokely Carmichael, a violent-protest-supporter, coined the phrase â€Å"black power† and stated â€Å"I am not going to beg the white man for anything I deserve; I’m going to take it. † We see the change in strategy for Black Nationalism. Carmichael’s speech, entitled, â€Å"what we want† from 1966 (Doc E) implies the only way to get money, property, respect, and in general civil rights for African American’s is to demand it, whether it was by strike, boycott, riot, or any other possible means of violent rebellion. The reasons why there was such a focus on gaining equality through violence was because peaceful protests were not developing equality quick enough, African American’s needed each other in order to attain enough votes for one collective ballot, and violent acts needed the most attention because they needed to be stopped the fastest. Take, for example the scenario of when a child throws a fit, the parent will do whatever it takes to stop the child’s interrupting objection and annoying whines, the same initiative for Black Power. Some philosophers even argue that Black Power was an act of revenge, Blacks felt obligated to torture Whites and act in violent ways to get even with them for their previous treatment of African slaves. At this point African Americans had to fight for things Whites got easily, like jobs, money, respect, social status, religion, privacy and the general right to be able to go to common-day-places (like the grocery store or local restaurant) and not have to worry about discrimination. The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (Doc F in 1967) preached that black people must resort to violence because they have not made any gains through peace. Malcolm X, a Black Power activist and violent-protesting-leader supported this idea and said, â€Å"Stand on your own feet and solve our problems ourselves instead of depending on white people to solve them for us. † This quote shows the foundation for Black Power-fast, unexpected, memorable recognition. Malcolm X ridiculed Martin Luther King’s attempt at Birmingham saying it showed the uselessness of nonviolent-protest. The increasing amount of African Americans promoting violence concerned American citizens. Whites believed that if the government didn’t take action, mass riots and destruction would erupt everywhere, and they were somewhat on track. By 1968, (according to Doc G) 62% of African Americans were registered to vote, that’s 33% more than in 1960. This evidence suggests that the violent acts did make an impact and shape the Civil Rights movement into what we view it as today.

Strategic Human Resource Management And Challenges Commerce Essay

Strategic Human Resource Management And Challenges Commerce Essay Managers use the term human resource strategies to refer to the specific human resource management courses of action the company pursues to achieve its strategic aims. For example, Dell The essence of Dells competitive strategy has always been to a low- cost leader. Thats why human resource managers use various HR strategies to support Dells low-cost aim Dell deliver most of its human resource services, not through a conventional human resource department, but via the web. A manager tools section on Dells internet contains about 30 automated web applications. This allows mangers to perform human resource tasks that previously required costly participation by human resource personnel. The internet also check job posting, and monitor their total compensation statements. This dramatically reduces the number of human resource people required to administer these activities, and thus the cost of doing so. This is turn support Dells low-cost strategy. Now a days human resource managers face three strategic challenges. 1- One (as at Dell) is the need to support corporate productivity and performance improvement efforts. 2- Employees play an expanded role in employers performance organizations like Toyotas such a high technology team-based production are largely useless without extraordinary high level of employee competence and commitment. 3- The third challenge is that employers see that their human resource units must be more involved in designing not just executing the companys strategic plan. Todays stress on going competitive advantage through people renders such arrangements inadequate. Instead, top management needs the input of the human resource team in designing the strategy, since it is the team charged with hiring, training, and compensating the firms employees. Human resource managers will therefore need a basic functional understanding of how the firm makes money. What activities and process are most critical for value creation as defined by customers and capital markets? Human resource professional need to understand the basis of strategic planning and of the basic business functions such as accounting, finance, production, and sales, so they can take their seat at the table when top management is crafting the firms strategic plan. What factors should management consider in HRM? Recruitment: Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employee and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization. Recruitment Methods:- Internal existing employee Self-Applicant Supervisor/Manager Recommendation Succession planning Using Existing Contracts Unsolicited Enquires Previous Applicant Previous Employees Existing Employees Contracts. External Contacts:- Professional Referrals Job Centers Private Selection Consultants Management Selection Colleges/Universities Resettlement services Temporary Agencies Advertising/Media Press T.V/Radio Cinema/Posters Career Exhibitions Conferences/Open days 2-Job Analysis:- This is the process of getting detailed information about job. Here we give the importance of job analysis according to HRM. The Importance of job analysis to HR Manager. Job analysis has been called the building block of everything that the personnel department does. Some of the human resource activities that use job-analysis information includes selection, performance, appraisal, training, and development, job evaluation, career planning, work redesign and human resource planning. The Importance of Job Analysis to Line Manger:- Manager must have detailed information about all the jobs in their work group to understand the work-flow process. Managers need to understand the job requirements to make intelligent hiring decision. Since the Manager is responsible for ensuring that each individual is performing his or her job manager must clearly understand the satisfactorily, the task required in every job. Job Analysis Information A job description is a list of the tasks, duties and responsibilities (TDRS) that the job entitles. A job specification is a list of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (KSAO) that an individual must have to perform the job. 3- Training and Developing Employees. The process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. This might mean showing a new web designer the intricacies of your site, a new salesperson how to sell your firms products, or a new supervisor how to fill out the firms weekly payroll sheets. Here I again quote an example of Wisconsin-based Signicast Corp. Decided to build a new, high- tech plant, or computerized plant. Terry Lutz, the firms president, know signicast would need a new type of employees to run that plant, and new screening and training programs to hire and train them. EXAMPLE The U.S armed Forces are taking army developed video- game-type training programmers called Full-Spectrum Command and Full- spectrum Warrior for training troops in urban warfare. Honda example: When Honda decided to build a new plant in Alabama, it had to hire thousands of new employees in an area where few people worked in manufacturing. Honda and the Alabama state employment agency first screened the applications by eliminating those who lacked the education or experience. And then gave preference to applicants near the plant. About 340 applicants per six-week session received special training at a new facility about 15 miles from the plant, two evening a week. It included classroom instruction, watching videos of current Honda employees in action, and actually practicing particular jobs. Finally HR department do the final screening. They interview the candidates, review their training record, and decide which ones to hire. 4- Performance and pay/Motivation and Incentives: Financial rewards paid to workers, whose production exceeds some predetermined standard. Basically this system was started in late 80s.If any of the worker or employee gives the best of him; he/she should receive some reward in shape of pay increase or incentives. 5-PROBLEM SOLVING GROUPS Being a good manager, he should make some department or group which can help employees problems. These problems can be helping new employees or helping the old staff with legal stuff or work issue. It can be personal issues as well. Like sometimes employees are having bad time in domestic life and cannot concentrate on their work. So these groups can help and guide the employee with more broad vision. 6-IMPLENTATION OF EMPLOYE S SUGGESTIONS In SHRM this factor is very important to listen to the all employees suggestions, whether the employee is new in the company or working in it for long. New comers sometimes bring new ideas with them; it might be from their previous work place or educational institute. And the old worker can help with their experience in the same work place. Good management always keeps on having employees meetings to keep them up to date and listen to all their new and good ideas. 7-Benefits and Services:- Indirect financial and non-financial payments received by the employees for continuing their employment with the company. They include things like health and life insurance, pension, time off with pay, and child care assistance.(Gerry dessler) Verizon Example:- Verizon communication, facing strong competition and the need to reduce its employees after several managers, needed a way to convince thousands of its employees to take early retirement. In this case, Verizon required a plan that was economically sensible, as well as one that complied with different laws that apply to retirement and other benefits. 8-Coaching / Mentoring:- Employees are trained and educated through methods other than teaching classes and seminars. Chief among these are management responsibilities of coaching, mentoring, and building your organization into a learning organization. Find coaching, mentoring, consulting, knowledge management and how to build a learning organization resource. In every company now a days there is new innovations and technologies are being introduced for profit maximization and customer satisfaction, due to that every employee need to be trained and come to know about innovation how to work with this new technology. EXAMPLE: Tesco is one of leading brand in supermarket industry; recently Tesco had introduced self checkout tills. This is a big innovation in supermarket industry and due to that customer who buys only few things has been no need to stand in a long queue he just use these tills, but some time customers dont know how to use it thats why Tesco trained their employees about this innovation for the better service provided to the customers. Creating a Mentoring Culture Build a Mentoring Culture Coaching for Improved Performance Leadership Success Secrets: Leadership Inspiration Group Mentoring Tips for Effective Coaching Mentoring and Baby Boomers: Mentoring Is a Strategic Business Imperative What Do You Mean My Company 9- Team Building / Work Teams Employee contribution, teams, and employee empowerment allow people to make decisions about their work. This employee involvement, teambuilding approach, and employee empowerment increases loyalty and fosters ownership. These ideas tell you how to do team building and effectively involve people. In this concept good or experienced managers built teams in which old and experienced employees leads these teams and these peoples know system of the company and know as well how to do smart work thats why new comers follow these peoples and done better job in few days. CONCLUSION: Strategy Human resource management is relatively a new term in the management but has very many important implications. By the introduction of SHRM the organizations have managed to improve their potentials. The employees and the organizations are connected to each other through SHRM. It has been the want of the organizations to formulate new ways to produce goods and services. It is the duty of the SHRM to find the right person for the right job for the growth of any company. It is the responsibility of the HR department to find the goal achieving people from the market and also train them to gain excellence. There have been introduced new techniques in SHRM which are useful for the HR managers for the uplift and perfection of the organizations. It is the responsibility of the HRM department to find and know the problems of employees and then to solve them. By this way they can retain low employ turnover, attract new employees and also improve of the employ development. In the modern world it is important for each organization to use its full potential. SHRM helps the organization to move forward and move forward quickly

Appreciation of Microsoft Office 2007

APPRECIATION OF THE MICROSOFT OFFICE 2007 Introduction In the early productions of the Microsoft Office applications, users utilized a scheme of toolbars, menus, and task panes to get their work completed. The prior Microsoft Office applications worked fine when the applications had a small amount of commands. Now that the programs have been so much more revolutionized, the older features do not work as well. Microsoft Office wanted to create a more orderly computer unit that limits disruption. The reason for that was so that Microsoft Office users would commit more time focused on their work. Microsoft knowing that they wanted to make this possible developed a domino effect approach that would make it much easier to generate great results using the Microsoft office applications and that gave rise to Microsoft Office 2007. Microsoft Office 2007 Microsoft Office 2007is one of the sets of desktop applications and servers as an office suite, and is a new system recently launched by Microsoft Company. The office 20007 contains a number of new features, the most notable of which is the entirely new graphic new interface called the fluent user interface. It went in place of the menus as well as toolbars that have been the cornerstone of office since its inception with a tabbed toolbar, known as the ribbon. As a matter of fact, Microsoft Office has made enormous improvements to enhance its features. One of the new main features is the ribbon, this feature consists commands organized into a set of tabs. These tabs make things easier when it comes to using the application features because they categorize the commands in a way that communicates straight to the daily tasks people perform in these applications. Another main new feature is the Microsoft office button. This button is new and efficient because on the older versions of Microsoft you had to find the tab that said file and search for what commands you wanted. With this new Microsoft button at the click of a button everything you want to accomplish is right there for you, no searching necessary. Two other new features is the gallery and Contextual tabs. The gallery consists of spreadsheets, presentations, documents, or Access databases. In an attempt to appreciate the introduction of Microsoft Office 2007 to me as a user, comparisons will be used between Office 2007 and other Offices before it- Microsoft Office 2003, 2000, 1997 e. . c. most suites or programs of Microsoft Office 2007 allow users to evaluate the product. The trial version of 2007 Microsoft Office system can be installed by using a 25-character trial product key available from Microsoft while you download the free office software and you can use the Microsoft office 2007 programs with full functionality for 60 days. The c omparisons will be made in respective of their set of applications such as the Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft project, Microsoft Power Point, and Microsoft Access. Microsoft Office 2007 vs. Microsoft Office 2003 Firstly, the Office 2007 and Office 2003 will be compared on the basis of Microsoft Office Word. When comparing Microsoft Office Word 2003 and 2007, there are barely many differences between these two applications. The traditional Microsoft Office Word 2003 has a very basic look which is similar to Microsoft Office Word 2000, which a little bit of color changes. There are some major improvements in the Microsoft Office Word 2007 in terms of how the interface’s appears. Word 2007 is now having more colorful interface, and it reorganizes all the little applications. This takes a while for users to get use to it. Another major change is that Microsoft Office Word 2007 now supports a new document format known as DOCX. However, users can still save in DOC. Format, which will allow the old software to open the documents. Other good features such as live preview, which users can preview the section of the document when picking up a new font for the documents. Other little new features are ribbon, quick access tool bar, title bar, application close button, maximize/ restore button, minimize button. It seems Microsoft Word's improvements are apparently endless. For example, from the toolbars located at the top of the Microsoft Office Word window to the professional business templates for documents such as, resumes, and memos. Ms Office PowerPoint 2007 and Ms Office PowerPoint 2003 Microsoft Office Power point 2003 and Microsoft Office Power point 2007 do not have any major difference. The difference is mostly in templates. Users can relatively have more choices of templates in PowerPoint 2007 than PowerPoint 2003, and it also has more effects for the templates. In Office PowerPoint 2007, tabs are designed to be task-oriented, and groups within each tab break a task into subtasks. Command buttons in each group carry out a command or display a menu of commands. In 2007, Users can also temporarily hide the Ribbon. However, the Microsoft button function is the same as the Microsoft Office word 2007, so as the mini tool bar will appear when working the slides. Tabs will only appears when the users need it them. Also the users can put commands and customize the toolbars. Despite more shapes and more research tool has been implemented into the new 2007, users can also design elements with galleries. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Microsoft Office Excel is a powerful and widely used tool that helps people analyze information to make more informed decisions. Using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Excel services, one can have an opportunity to share and manage oneself analysis and insight with co-workers, and partners with grater confidence. Similar to Microsoft Office Word and Microsoft Office Power point, Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and 2007 have very similar functions. In Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Enhancements have been made to the list functionality, which make lists easier to use. It also added automatic filter and border. When users want to create a list, they just simply highlight the data, and then select Data ; List ; Create List. When users click into the list, they will see the new List toolbar, which will help the users to work with the list. Users can toggle the total row on/off, and use the dropdown menu of functions to choose from in the total row, such as Average, Count, Sum, etc. | | | | Whilst Microsoft office Excel 2007 also has a different ribbon compare to Excel 2003. There are seven tabs across the top which represent all the core tasks you do in Excel. All the related items have been group together under each tab for convenience of the users. Number three is the command button. It is a box to enter information or a menu. Conclusion Office 2007 may not be right for you, but there is no arguing the fact that it is a huge improvement over previous versions of Microsoft office. This may not hold true for the user interface, but that is simply a matter of preference. I, for one, could not be more satisfied with any of Microsoft's products. The changes to the user interface are exactly what I wanted to see. I have always been annoyed with the old menu system and having to navigate through it all only to encounter an enormous dialog box that you have to wade through. The new system is so much more smooth and flowing, and it exposes everything so that there is no navigation or searching required. It is all right there at the click of your mouse. So, the opinion is, Office 2007 is good for users who can put forth enough effort to get used to the user interface, but bad for those who prefer the traditional menus. I would encourage you to at least give it a try on computers that have it before deciding to buy it or not. If this isn't possible, you can download a 30-day trial version from Microsoft's website. Chances are that if Office 2007 isn't for you, you already know it. The only catch is, if you want to take advantage of all the new features, the ribbon comes with it. No matter what you choose, I hope that you can benefit from and enjoy your choice as much as I enjoy Office 2007. References: Bonfield, B. and Quinn, L. S. Microsoft Office vs. Open Office. Accessed from; http://www. idealware. org/ [Date accessed: 04. 04. 10].

Comparing and Contrasting the Children in Susan Skinner’s ‘the Minnow Catching Boys’ and ‘My Parents Kept Me from Cildren Who Were Rough’ by Stephen Spender

Comparing and Contrasting the children in Susan Skinner’s ‘The Minnow Catching Boys’ and ‘My Parents Kept Me from Children who were Rough’ by Stephen Spender. In this essay I am going to discuss ‘The Minnow Catching Boys’ by Susan Skinner and ‘My Parents kept me from Children who were Rough’ by Stephen Spender. I will focus on the similarities and differences between the children in the poems in terms of their actions, the language used to describe them and their impact on the reader. The Minnow Catching Boys’ is a poem about a group of boys who very skillful and adventurous. ‘My Parents kept me from children who were rough’ is also about a group of boy bullies who really torture others a lot and play rough. The children in ‘The Minnow Catching Boys’ are described as skillful and the outdoor-type boys. This poem is based on a Victorian/older lifetime according to its facts; Boys nowadays play video games and are interested in technology or sports. This also refers to the quote â€Å"the sun burnt boys’ which means that sunscreen was not invented.I would imagine them as scruffy boys wearing a shirt with a waistcoat and knee breeches (knee length shorts from older times); all dull colours and by looking back it says ‘Breeches rolled’. The children are in a focused, competitive mood, as said in the poem, ‘Scan and dip’ as well as ‘they make bets poke and tip, their nimble catch’. ‘For they have always been here the minnow catching boys. ’ makes me think that this competitive hobby has been passed down from many generations. ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. And when they have had enough, the minnow catching boys make their way home’ makes me think these boys are very carefree.I thought quotes like ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. And a small girl who can never quite catch up calls for them to wait, but no one waitsâ€⠄¢ give me a feeling that these boys are mean and cruel or maybe just in a rush. The quote ‘ The dog shakes off in a cascade of diamonds’ is one of the most striking pieces of imagery for me because it imaginatively describe thousands of sparkling water droplets as a ‘cascade of diamonds’. The tone which this poem would be read in would be slow and suspending- long pauses. You would read this poem in this tone so you can get your audience right ‘into’ the scene-as the boys are focused and concentrating too hard.The children in ‘My Parents kept me from Children who were rough’ are described as mean, arrogant and a fierce group of bullies. I imagine them as very scruffy boys with their clothes torn; as they don’t care. I think they would be wearing the same clothes as the boys in the other poem but in an ill-suited manner. I think this poem is also set in the same time as the other poem- older times/Victorian times. This poem quotes ‘They threw words like stones’ which makes me think that these boys are rude, ill-mannered and that their insults really ‘hurt’ people- using words like weapons.These boys were also involved in physical abuses to others, which refers to the quote’ Their knees tight on my arms’. ‘They were lithe’, this quote makes me think these boys are super-fit, strong, flexible and very versatile. I think these boys look like are big headed and want to be threatening to people. Their parents might not able to control them or maybe are not even aware of their actions. ‘Muscles like iron ‘says that these boys are unbeatable and formidably strong. I would like to read this poem in a fast, envious tone, because I think that the narrator is envying these strong and super-fit boys. Comparing and Contrasting the Children in Susan Skinner’s ‘the Minnow Catching Boys’ and ‘My Parents Kept Me from Cildren Who Were Rough’ by Stephen Spender Comparing and Contrasting the children in Susan Skinner’s ‘The Minnow Catching Boys’ and ‘My Parents Kept Me from Children who were Rough’ by Stephen Spender. In this essay I am going to discuss ‘The Minnow Catching Boys’ by Susan Skinner and ‘My Parents kept me from Children who were Rough’ by Stephen Spender. I will focus on the similarities and differences between the children in the poems in terms of their actions, the language used to describe them and their impact on the reader. The Minnow Catching Boys’ is a poem about a group of boys who very skillful and adventurous. ‘My Parents kept me from children who were rough’ is also about a group of boy bullies who really torture others a lot and play rough. The children in ‘The Minnow Catching Boys’ are described as skillful and the outdoor-type boys. This poem is based on a Victorian/older lifetime according to its facts; Boys nowadays play video games and are interested in technology or sports. This also refers to the quote â€Å"the sun burnt boys’ which means that sunscreen was not invented.I would imagine them as scruffy boys wearing a shirt with a waistcoat and knee breeches (knee length shorts from older times); all dull colours and by looking back it says ‘Breeches rolled’. The children are in a focused, competitive mood, as said in the poem, ‘Scan and dip’ as well as ‘they make bets poke and tip, their nimble catch’. ‘For they have always been here the minnow catching boys. ’ makes me think that this competitive hobby has been passed down from many generations. ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. And when they have had enough, the minnow catching boys make their way home’ makes me think these boys are very carefree.I thought quotes like ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. And a small girl who can never quite catch up calls for them to wait, but no one waitsâ€⠄¢ give me a feeling that these boys are mean and cruel or maybe just in a rush. The quote ‘ The dog shakes off in a cascade of diamonds’ is one of the most striking pieces of imagery for me because it imaginatively describe thousands of sparkling water droplets as a ‘cascade of diamonds’. The tone which this poem would be read in would be slow and suspending- long pauses. You would read this poem in this tone so you can get your audience right ‘into’ the scene-as the boys are focused and concentrating too hard.The children in ‘My Parents kept me from Children who were rough’ are described as mean, arrogant and a fierce group of bullies. I imagine them as very scruffy boys with their clothes torn; as they don’t care. I think they would be wearing the same clothes as the boys in the other poem but in an ill-suited manner. I think this poem is also set in the same time as the other poem- older times/Victorian times. This poem quotes ‘They threw words like stones’ which makes me think that these boys are rude, ill-mannered and that their insults really ‘hurt’ people- using words like weapons.These boys were also involved in physical abuses to others, which refers to the quote’ Their knees tight on my arms’. ‘They were lithe’, this quote makes me think these boys are super-fit, strong, flexible and very versatile. I think these boys look like are big headed and want to be threatening to people. Their parents might not able to control them or maybe are not even aware of their actions. ‘Muscles like iron ‘says that these boys are unbeatable and formidably strong. I would like to read this poem in a fast, envious tone, because I think that the narrator is envying these strong and super-fit boys.

Street Racing essays

Street Racing essays Fast cars, loud exhausts, and secret races, this is what you get at an illegal street race. Racers gather from all around to race their custom built cars against one another. Although, the police break up the races almost every night, the racers still race night after night. Illegal street racing is a dangerous way of life. Bender said there were 16 deaths and 31 serious injuries due to illegal racing in 2002 (Filice). That is an astonishingly large number of deaths and injuries for just one city. Street racing just does not occur in one city there are races being held all over the world. Although this phenomenon occurs world wide, California seems to be a centralized racing area. There has been an alarming rise in street racing since the releases of the movies The Fast and the Furious and 2 Fast 2 Furious. The release of these movies has caused law enforcement and the government to implement stricter laws about cars and their after market modifications. Corona passed an ordinance in May that allows police to seize the cars of street racers. In October, San Diego made watching a street race illegal, and Los Angeles passed a law the same month stiffening penalties for spectators. Two months ago, San Diego gave police the authority to sell the vehicles of repeat offenders (Mehta B5). The cities are doing anything in their power to have control of the street-racing problem. One of the street racers was very outspoken about the laws that were set in place. You can harass us, you can ticket us, you can cuff us, you can block off the street, you can pull us over for no reason at all. But one fact remains... WE ARENT GOING ANYWHERE (Quoted in Gathright). For the racers this is a way of life for them. But in the same respect they also are living a dangerous and sometimes fatal life. One of the ways that governments are trying to stop the racing is thro...

The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing

The Effects of Punishment and Sentencing Free Online Research Papers The fundamental philosophies surrounding the purpose of sentencing are retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. The first of these things is again, retribution. Retribution is what people is deserved of a guilty party when a crime is committed. As stated in the text of chapter 10 of our required reading, â€Å"a wrongdoer who has freely chosen to violate society’s rules must be punished for the infraction.† â€Å"Retribution relies on the principle of just deserts, which holds that the severity of the punishment must be in proportion to the severity of the crime.† The second purpose listed is deterrence. Deterrence is to try to get someone not to commit the crime again by enforcing a punishment or the threat of a punishment in order to kind of scare the person into not committing the crime again. They do this so that the perpetrator that commits a crime or thinks about committing a crime will hopefully weight out the actions and the consequences and determine for themselves that it is not worth committing the crime in the first place. In a jest it is to try to prevent future crimes from occurring. The third purpose earlier listed is incapacitation. Incapacitation is basically to incarcerate the wrongdoers of society that break the law. I believe that the best possible way to explain the definition of this word is as stated in our text of required reading from our book, â€Å"incarcerating criminals guarantees that they will not be a danger to society, at least for the length of their prison terms. To a certain extent, the death penalty is justified in terms of incapacitation, as it prevents the offender from committing any future crimes.† Lastly the fourth purpose listed is rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is what people see as the most â€Å"humane† form of punishment. It is said that criminals can be â€Å"treated† and possibly even â€Å"cured† of their proclivities toward crime. It is believed that most courts are deterring from this method more and more and going towards more â€Å"get tough† types of punishment, like the retribution, deterrence, and the incapacitation models of punishment. There are a lot of opinions surrounding capital punishment. There are many people who believe that the death penalty is wrong and inhumane. Then there are others who believe that the only thing that justifies murder or rape or something of that nature, is for the person who commit the crime to be put to death. There are so many hard feeling on both sides of the fence when it comes to this subject. There are so many people that have been affected by capital punishment, whether they were affected negatively or positively by the situation they were still affected and they still have permanent feelings toward the situation. It is hard to decide who is right in this situation. Both sides have and make so many great points. On one hand I do believe that to kill another human being is inhumane, but on the other hand I also believe that someone who kills or rapes someone or commits other horrible crimes like that should be punished and in most cases put to death. If someone in my family was on death row I would be begging for mercy so I do not think that I could demand justice for one someone else to be put to death. When it comes to the punishment of the convicted, I believe that one has to look at only what that person has done. When you take into consideration what that person has done that is all that a court or jury can look at when considering punishments for the convicted. Someone can not just jump up and decide automatically how to punish someone convicted of a crime. Every thing has to be taken into consideration when making that decision. Research Papers on The Effects of Punishment and SentencingCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Quebec and CanadaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Project 2 - Essay Example This research paper is aimed at discussing community policing by providing its pros and cons and presenting a final decision on whether to implement community policing or not. The rate of crime in the United States has significantly risen over the past decade. Crime has become a topic of discussion and an important debate in a bid to solve the issue. The American society has started living lives full of fear of crime and hence it is the high time that better policing policies are implemented. The government has devoted a lot of funds to crime fighting, but it has not produced positive results. The society alone cannot control crime since they have no right to taking the law on their hands. Increasing police resource at this period of a global economic crisis has posed a great challenge to the government. The crime situation is, therefore, beyond the ability of the community alone or the police department alone. The situation calls for a collaboration of the community and the police departments in a bid to solve crime and disorder, and the collaboration is called community policing. Involving the community in controlling crime is the most dependable solution to the breaking deadlock of crime. The community has more knowledge about their neighborhoods and hence identifying criminal is very easy. It is expected that due to the current high crime rates, the community will be motivated to collaborate with the police so as to eliminate their fear or crime. On the other hand, the police are working under minimal finances and resources and hence they will be motivated to have the support of the community in accomplishing their mission. Community policing policy is, therefore, expected to work out well since the two major partnerships have a high need for assistance (Sozer, 2010). Community policing encourages collaboration between organizations, departments and the community and hence reduces their resistance and promotes

Ourselves Alone by Anne Devlin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ourselves Alone by Anne Devlin - Research Paper Example The setting of the play is generally around Andersonstown, West Belfast, with succinct side tracks to South Belfast and Dublin. The play has been produced, directed, and enacted manifold times. One presentation is by Crash Box Players and Lost Angels, directed by Steven Friedland, and produced by Kathleen Dunn, Laura Niemi and Elise Robertson. The cast of the play includes Jake Alston (as Danny/Second Soldier), Kelly Boulware (as Cathal/First Soldier), Ed Cunningham (as John McDermot), Kathleen Dunn (as Donna), Darrel Guilbeau (as Gabriel/Policeman), David Lane (as musician), Jack Mungovan (as Liam/Musician), Laura Niemi (as Frieda), Elise Robertson (as Josie), Joel Stoffer (as Joe Conran), and Joseph Whipp (as Malachy). The cast is very talented, giving extra beauty to the theme of the play. The play made its appearance in London during 1985-86. Anne Devlin, the daughter of a controversial labor leader in Belfast, Paddy Devlin, has attempted to accomplish a surmountable job telling the story of the Belfast when it was seeing some of the worst days of its history, through weaving of the story related to three Catholic women, whose lives underwent many changes brought about by the ongoing incidents and happenings in Belfast. Anne Devlin shows, in the play, how men reveal their macho by converting the society into a war zone. These men also included those who were struggling for the Irish independence, who were unknowingly converting the community into a zone of never-ending siege. Culture was being ignored. Family lives were suffering. â€Å"†¦where women suffer a double oppression--subjugated as much by their brothers, fathers, husbands, and lovers as by the Brits. Ourselves Alone tries to expose the ugliness of the Belfast blood knot†, writes Adler (para.2). It was hard to decide where Belfast was heading to. The storyline revolves around three ordinary Catholic women, including two Andersonstown sisters, Donna and Josie McCoy, and their brotherâ⠂¬â„¢s wife, Frieda, who has been a Long Kesh prisoner, as shown in the play’s early scenes. Donna is kind of superficial, Josie possesses a strange hidden agenda, and Frieda is shown struggling with life in order to bring up her infant alone, when her husband is in prison. Frieda’s pro-IRA father has disowned her, and she wants to be a singer but her father sends her into the arms of a Workers' Party organizer and anti-IRA zealot. All three of the Catholic women wish and struggle to escape the political peril that is affecting their lives, but they cannot take a step because they are bound to the family loyalties residing in their hearts. Their complex relationships with men are also a hurdle. Donna waits for her lover for five years who is in prison, but when he comes out of the jail, she finds that he is not the kind of man who was worth waiting for. Josie has been a courier when rebellion against the British was going on, and has interest in politics of the trouble going in the Ireland; yet, she is trapped inside her wish for a romantic relationship. She fancies the men in her life, who are there to subjugate her. She is in love with an IRA leader, but is also in a relationship. She gets pregnant with her partner. What is interesting about the play is that Devlin’s Catholic women are not the rebellious heroines of the Ireland. Instead, they are making victims of themselves by not reacting against the harsh circumstances, keeping